Support us Light and lasers are key to Netherlands' ASML's lithography equipment. Photo: ASML China is using several methods to circumvent United States export controls on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography machines, including developing its own machines and stacking artificial intelligence (AI) chips to boost their performance. However, Washington suspects these may not be what Beijing has done alone. It says China may have already obtained an EUV machine from ASML through underground channels. US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has questioned ASML’s senior executives over concerns that one of the Dutch company’s EUV systems may have ended up in China in breach of export restrictions, in a series of private meetings that began in April 2026, Bloomberg reported, citing people familiar with the discussions. Several US officials said they possess information indicating that ASML exported equipment associated with EUV systems, including specialized systems used to transport EUV machines, though they declined to disclose any evidence, citing sensitivity concerns. Such a scenario would represent a serious breach of the Wassenaar Arrangement, which bars ASML from shipping EUV lithography equipment to Chinese customers.
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